These controversies regarding the relationships amongst citizenship pressure, OCBs and CCBs may be because of the ways that OCBs are measured. Within the literature, OCBs have frequently been described as spontaneous behaviours and rated by colleagues or leaders (e.g.two). Other-rated measurements are unable to identify the behavioural motivations fundamental OCBs1,11. https://www.youtube.com/shorts/ZsO9iQ1SGS4